Portrayal of Vidhushaka in Dramatic Theories

Sanskrit drama occupies a distinguished position in world literature for its unique synthesis of artistic expression, philosophical depth, and poetic beauty. Among its many memorable characters, the Vidhushaka stands out as an essential figure who brings humor, relief, and social commentary to the stage. This paper explores the meaning, origin, and evolution of the Vidhushaka as described in three major Sanskrit theoretical texts—the Natyasastra, Dasarupaka, and Sahityadarpana. The study examines his physical features, linguistic style, dramatic functions, and role as the hero’s confidant. It also highlights his contribution to evoking Hasya Rasa (comic sentiment) and balancing the emotional intensity of Sanskrit drama. Further, the paper traces the transformation and gradual decline of the Vidhushaka in later traditions while acknowledging his lasting influence on classical and folk theater forms across India. Ultimately, the Vidhushaka emerges as a timeless character who blends wit with wisdom, enriching the aesthetic and emotional experience of Sanskrit drama.