The Psychological Impact of Social Media on University Students

Background: Social media platforms, such as Instagram, TikTok, and X, are deeply embedded in university students’ lives, shaping their social interactions and self-perception. However, excessive use is associated with adverse psychological outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and diminished self-esteem, alongside impacts on academic performance. These issues are particularly critical for young adults navigating the developmental and academic pressures of university life.

Objective: This study investigates the psychological effects of social media use on university students, focusing on mental health (anxiety, depression, self-esteem) and academic performance, while exploring moderating factors like usage duration and platform type.

Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted with 500 students from three U.S. urban universities. Data were collected using validated scales (DASS-21 for mental health, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), semi-structured interviews with 50 students, and app usage logs. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS (regression analysis), and qualitative data were coded thematically using NVivo.

Results: Students spending >3 hours daily on social media reported a 25% increase in anxiety scores and a 15?crease in self-esteem, affecting 60% of participants. Academic performance dropped by 10% for those exceeding 4 hours daily.

Conclusion & Implication: Heavy social media use significantly impairs students’ mental health and academic outcomes, necessitating interventions like digital literacy programs and campus mental health support. These findings urge universities to implement policies promoting balanced social media use to enhance student well-being and academic success.