From Land to Justice: An Analytical Exploration of the Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prohibition of Transfer of Certain Lands) ACT, 1978

The Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prohibition of Transfer of Certain Lands) Act, 1978, commonly known as the PTCL Act, was introduced to protect the land rights of marginalized communities, particularly the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). Its main goal is to prevent the unauthorized sale or transfer of land granted to these communities, ensuring that such land remains with the original beneficiaries and is not lost through exploitation or coercion. This paper takes a closer look at the Act’s purpose, how it defines “granted lands,” and the legal tools it provides to stop illegal transfers. It also explores how courts have interpreted the law over the years, shaping its application and impact. A key focus is the 2023 amendment, which brought significant changes to the time limits for reclaiming land, raising new questions about fairness, legal certainty, and administrative feasibility. The study critically examines the ongoing issue between upholding social justice for historically oppressed groups and respecting individual property rights. It also highlights the practical challenges faced by authorities in enforcing the law effectively. The article explores on social justice, property rights, and constitutional governance in India, offering insights into how welfare legislations can be made more effective in addressing historical inequities.